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  毎日にもっと楽~を! BLOG Tokyo

2005年7月 9日

ハリケーンのカテゴリー

ハリケーン・デニスは自分の任地を去った(戻ってくるかもしれないけど。。)。影響と言えば、2日前の夜から続く断水のみで、断水による影響は、料理に水が使えないこと、使った場合、洗い物にも水を要する為、やはり使えない。あとは、トイレ下水。これも1回流すのに5リットルくらい必要とされるので、生活水の無駄遣いは出来ないんだよなぁ。いつ、水が復帰するのか?それがわからないので、節水、節水、節水あるのみ。

それはさておき、ハリケーンはカテゴリー1-5に分類される。どのように分類されるかというと、(最大)風速で区別されているようだ。


ここで風速に用いられる単位が聞きなれない。自分の見るところでは、3種類の標記がされている。ハリケーンが北米での呼び名だけに聞きなれないのは仕方のないことなんだけど。。
mph・・・たぶん、Mile Per Hour
kt・・・・これもたぶん、Knots(ノッツ)の略かな。マイルの1.15倍らしい。

So, wind which blows at 69 kts is equivalent to 77 mph (69kts X 1.15 = 77mph)

km/hr・・・Km per Hour(たぶん、おなじみの。。)

それで、風速40kt未満のものを
Tropical Depression
風速40kt以上65kt未満のものを
Tropical Storm
と呼ぶそうだ。

以下で風速でピンと来ない人のために(普通は来ないと思うけど)、状況別分類がされている。

Category One(1) Hurricane: Winds 74-95 mph (64-82 kt or 119-153 km/hr). Storm surge generally 4-5 ft above normal. No real damage to building structures. Damage primarily to unanchored mobile homes, shrubbery, and trees. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Also, some coastal road flooding and minor pier damage.

*shrubbery・・[集合的に]低木(の植え込み)、生け垣

Category Two(2) Hurricane:
Winds 96-110 mph (83-95 kt or 154-177 km/hr). Storm surge generally 6-8 feet above normal. Some roofing material, door, and window damage of buildings. Considerable damage to shrubbery and trees with some trees blown down. Considerable damage to mobile homes, poorly constructed signs, and piers. Coastal and low-lying escape routes flood 2-4 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Small craft in unprotected anchorages break moorings.

*surge・・・大波、突風、うねり
*piers・・・桟橋、埠頭、
*unprotected anchorages break moorings・・防御力の弱い停泊所(船を
つなぎ止めるロープなどが壊れやすい)

Category Three(3) Hurricane:
Winds 111-130 mph (96-113 kt or 178-209 km/hr). Storm surge generally 9-12 ft above normal. Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings with a minor amount of curtainwall failures. Damage to shrubbery and trees with foliage blown off trees and large trees blown down. Mobile homes and poorly constructed signs are destroyed. Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the center of the hurricane. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures with larger structures damaged by battering from floating debris. Terrain continuously lower than 5 ft above mean sea level may be flooded inland 8 miles (13 km) or more. Evacuation of low-lying residences with several blocks of the shoreline may be required.

*curtainwall・・・帳壁(建物とは無関係に、敷地を囲っているだけの壁)
*low-lying・・・低地の、(土地が)低い(ところにある)
*foliage・・・[集合的に]葉、群葉
*debris・・・瓦礫
*Terrain・・・地域、地形、地勢

Category Four(4) Hurricane:
Winds 131-155 mph (114-135 kt or 210-249 km/hr). Storm surge generally 13-18 ft above normal. More extensive curtainwall failures with some complete roof structure failures on small residences. Shrubs, trees, and all signs are blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Extensive damage to doors and windows. Low-lying escape routes may be cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the center of the hurricane. Major damage to lower floors of structures near the shore. Terrain lower than 10 ft above sea level may be flooded requiring massive evacuation of residential areas as far inland as 6 miles (10 km).

*Extensive・・・大規模な

Category Five(5) Hurricane:
Winds greater than 155 mph (135 kt or 249 km/hr). Storm surge generally greater than 18 ft above normal. Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings. Some complete building failures with small utility buildings blown over or away. All shrubs, trees, and signs blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Severe and extensive window and door damage. Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the center of the hurricane. Major damage to lower floors of all structures located less than 15 ft above sea level and within 500 yards of the shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas on low ground within 5-10 miles (8-16 km) of the shoreline may be required.



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